The environment is greatly threatened by heavy metals (HMs), which can enter through a variety of man-made and natural pathways. However, the sources pertaining to anthropogenic activities, particularly from varied industrial effluents, contribute highest to the heavy metal contamination in the environment. These pathways can result in major health risks for species, notably mutagenesis and carcinogenicity. Thus, in the current period of scientific and industrial progress, thorough monitoring and removal of these hazardous metals have become imperative. Among the current remediation technologies, microbial bioremediation, which incorporates microorganisms to absorb and transform heavy metals, has emerged as a feasible way to reducing hazardous chemical concentrations in the environment. The current chapter offers the most recent findings on the utility of microbial heavy metal remediation in diverse industrial waste effluents such as mining areas, metal industries, dye industries, and others. Different studies have found that potent bacterial strains, as well as fungal and algal strains, are effective at removing heavy metals from industrial effluents.