More than 20 million hectares of land across the entire world are contaminated with heavy metals (HMs), such as nickel, cobalt, cadmium, mercury, chromium, lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, and selenium. Bioremediation is an innovative and hopeful technology that can be used to facilitate and decrease the levels of HM. Bioremediation incorporates many mechanisms, such as redox reactions, complexation, bioprecipitation, biosorption, and ion exchange. Phytoremediation is the second biological method. It is the process of using vegetation and its associated soil microbes to reduce the levels or counteract the detrimental impacts of pollutants from the surroundings. Phytoremediation relies on various methods, including phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoaccumulation, and phytoextraction. As an emerging subject, nanotechnology has made substantial advancements in analyzing and eradicating heavy metals from complex matrices, offering a sustainable nonbiological method. Several methodological approaches have been utilized to examine HM-implementing nanomaterials, such as polymer-based nanocomposites, quantum dots, graphene nanomaterials, silica-based nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic nanocomposites, metal sulfide nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, other metallic oxide nanoparticles, and bionanomaterials.