This chapter presents a comprehensive performance analysis of FSO communication systems under the influence of atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors, and path loss. The study considers the recently introduced doubly inverted gamma-gamma (IGGG) turbulence model along with the well-established Málaga distribution to evaluate the system’s performance. Closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived to analyze key performance metrics, including outage probability, average symbol error rate (SER), and ergodic capacity. The study investigates both heterodyne detection (HD) and direct detection (DD) techniques, providing asymptotic expressions that reveal insights into diversity gains. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical results, demonstrating the impact of varying atmospheric conditions, beam misalignment, and link parameters on FSO performance. The findings highlight the potential of FSO communication for next-generation wireless networks, emphasizing its benefits in providing high-capacity, flexible, and rapidly deployable connectivity solutions while addressing key impairments due to environmental fluctuations and system limitations.