In the last 10 years, remote access endoscopic approaches for thyroidectomy have become popular. Advantages of these surgeries include increased vision and precision, good postoperative outcomes, and no cervical scar. These approaches allow using neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. This chapter reviews the surgical technique, anatomical aspects, and the neuromonitoring technique in the transaxillary-areolar thyroidectomy.