This chapter deals with Sartori’s conception of political science as a discipline and its methodology. Sartori conceived political science as a distinct scientific discipline with clear theoretical, conceptual, and methodological foundations. It is an empirical science whose empiricism is not data-driven but contextual. Political science research cannot ignore historical, cultural, religious, geographical, or other contexts. Political science should also be applicable in practice; that is, it should be able to provide practical insights and answer concrete questions. This is reflected in the methodology of political science, which Sartori understood not in its narrow sense as a set of research techniques but as ‘logos,’ as thinking about thinking. The key element here is that concepts must be correctly formulated (and used correctly) and have a solid semantic and logical foundation. Sartori was skeptical of quantitative research or, at best, saw it as dependent on the right conceptual foundations. First, it is necessary to establish a concept, and only then can it be quantified. On the other hand, he greatly supported comparative politics, to which he devoted considerable attention. What mattered was to make the right comparisons and to avoid what he called ‘miscomparing,’ which leads at best to the creation of ‘cat-dogs,’ usually caused by such as parochialism, misclassification, degreeism, and conceptual stretching.