Introduction: The Intraindividual Perspective – Framing When and How Molecules Become Behavior
摘要
This introductory chapter presents a theoretical framework for this book termed as intraindividual perspective. This theoretical framework relates to molecular and behavioral parallel sequences of embryonic and fetal clockwise development based on novel ultrasonic techniques and recent groundbreaking studies. This theory views the embryo and fetus as a resourceful organism developing from molecular based behavioral processes towards the emergence of psychological phenomena around mid-gestation and from then onwards. This gestational progress unravels time-specific underlying molecular combinations, which accounts for intra- and extrauterine environments too. This theory, aimed at outlining the pathway between the genome and the changes in early behavior, argues that molecular events elicit behaviors at specific times and develop in a combinatorial manner through a series of zero to one binary step responses. This theory also argues that in healthy gestation the molecular building blocks of fetal behavioral achievements develop in parallel sequences of combinatorial series of binary processes on the vector of time. These parallel sequences develop from large levels of entropy implying simplicity in behavioral outcomes in the embryo through reduced entropy and increased free energy from mid-gestation onwards, with growing complexity in behavioral outcomes and their molecular building blocks late in gestation. Finally, this theory argues that reduced entropy facilitates reoccurrence of a behavioral achievement once it occurred through reversible neurobehavioral states in the prenatal thermodynamic system of the human organism, historically termed by Boltzmann as reversible macro-states. This theory embraces all other chapters of this book, raging from clocks of genetics, epigenetics, myelination, and antioxidative defenses as inputs, to clocks of self-regulation, motivation, emotions, reward experiences, perception, and executive functions as outputs. The inputs and outputs represent the complex of very early clocks working in a 40-week changing thermodynamic system via timewise alterations in combinations rather than through a simple linear progress. The concluding chapter presents the concluding remarks and modeling of this theory by showing how clock genes are designed as “timers” to dictate optimal ranges of time for other very early clocks. It is concluded that clock genes design the time of available free energy for any onset of behavioral accomplishment by inducing molecular sensitivity to intra- and extrauterine stimulation after mid-gestation, beyond their photic reactivity and for shorter and longer timeframes than their known 24-hour cyclicity.