In October 2016, University of Dar es Salaam consultants constructed three large enclosures, 10 m × 6 m × 2 m, in the Upper and Lower Spray Wetlands. Two of the enclosures were placed in the Upper Spray Wetland, and one enclosure was placed in the Lower Spray Wetland. The purposes of the enclosures were (1) to reduce potential predation on the Kihansi Spray Toad; (2) increase the likelihood of individuals finding mates by reducing the maximum dispersal distance within the release zone; and (3) increase the probability of detecting released animals during post-release surveys. In late 2016, 997 Kihansi Spray Toads were placed in Enclosure 1, and 1074 spray toads were placed in Enclosure 2 in the Upper Spray Wetland. Changes in numbers of Kihansi Spray Toad observed over time in the two enclosures were highly similar to that observed during the first four hard releases with a rapid decline over the first month followed by a slower decline over the following 4–5 months.

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Enclosure Studies

  • William D. Newmark

摘要

In October 2016, University of Dar es Salaam consultants constructed three large enclosures, 10 m × 6 m × 2 m, in the Upper and Lower Spray Wetlands. Two of the enclosures were placed in the Upper Spray Wetland, and one enclosure was placed in the Lower Spray Wetland. The purposes of the enclosures were (1) to reduce potential predation on the Kihansi Spray Toad; (2) increase the likelihood of individuals finding mates by reducing the maximum dispersal distance within the release zone; and (3) increase the probability of detecting released animals during post-release surveys. In late 2016, 997 Kihansi Spray Toads were placed in Enclosure 1, and 1074 spray toads were placed in Enclosure 2 in the Upper Spray Wetland. Changes in numbers of Kihansi Spray Toad observed over time in the two enclosures were highly similar to that observed during the first four hard releases with a rapid decline over the first month followed by a slower decline over the following 4–5 months.