In mid-2006, LKEMP commissioned NORPLAN to install a backup spray irrigation system in the Upper, Lower, and Mid-Gorge Spray Wetlands in case the primary spray irrigation systems were to fail. Due to the improvement in the volume and dispersion of spray that was provided by the newly installed backup spray irrigation system, the backup spray irrigation system became the primary spray irrigation systems in these three spray wetlands. However, by mid-2009 due to declining water pressure again in the primary and backup spray irrigation systems, the two spray irrigation systems were jointly operated. As a result of the installation of the primary and backup sprinkler systems, plant community structure in the Upper Spray Wetland recovered sufficiently following commissioning of the hydroelectric facility that a recommendation was made to proceed with the reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad to the Kihansi Gorge. The monitoring of air temperature and relative humidity within the Upper, Lower, and Mid-Gorge Spray Wetlands during 2010 shortly before the reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad found that mean daily temperature and relative humidity fell within the range that had been recorded within these three wetlands in 2001. Lastly, the monitoring of the abundance of Afrosteles distans, one of the two most important food items in the diet of the Kihansi Spray Toad, revealed that A. distans’ abundance had remained stable between 2001 and 2018, thus also providing a green light to proceed with the reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad.

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Pre-reintroduction Assessment of the Spray Wetlands

  • William D. Newmark

摘要

In mid-2006, LKEMP commissioned NORPLAN to install a backup spray irrigation system in the Upper, Lower, and Mid-Gorge Spray Wetlands in case the primary spray irrigation systems were to fail. Due to the improvement in the volume and dispersion of spray that was provided by the newly installed backup spray irrigation system, the backup spray irrigation system became the primary spray irrigation systems in these three spray wetlands. However, by mid-2009 due to declining water pressure again in the primary and backup spray irrigation systems, the two spray irrigation systems were jointly operated. As a result of the installation of the primary and backup sprinkler systems, plant community structure in the Upper Spray Wetland recovered sufficiently following commissioning of the hydroelectric facility that a recommendation was made to proceed with the reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad to the Kihansi Gorge. The monitoring of air temperature and relative humidity within the Upper, Lower, and Mid-Gorge Spray Wetlands during 2010 shortly before the reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad found that mean daily temperature and relative humidity fell within the range that had been recorded within these three wetlands in 2001. Lastly, the monitoring of the abundance of Afrosteles distans, one of the two most important food items in the diet of the Kihansi Spray Toad, revealed that A. distans’ abundance had remained stable between 2001 and 2018, thus also providing a green light to proceed with the reintroduction of the Kihansi Spray Toad.