Agriculture ensures the sustenance of life, food safety, and security of the global population. With the advent of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization of agriculture paved the way for the entry of new toxic chemicals into the environment. As a result of their possible adverse impacts on crop soil–water and the continuum, substances such as nano- and microplastics, pharmaceutical and personal care products, synthetic polymers, plasticizers, hormones, engineered nanoparticles, antibiotics, and painkillers, as well as substances not previously regulated in agriculture, are being identified and recognized as emerging contaminants (ECs). Steroids are also utilized in agriculture as growth promoters and have a significant impact on human and animal development and reproduction. These contaminants pose a serious threat to humans because of their bioaccumulation and associated environmental risks. The fate and transport of these contaminants should be properly monitored to avert the profound impact that could arise. Extended exposure to polluted water and antibiotic residues in animal manures significantly affects soil microorganisms, plant systems, soil structure, and agricultural yield and quality, all of which are modulated by biotic and abiotic environmental factors. This chapter provides an overview of the types of emerging contaminants, their effects on plant function and crop yield, and their potential in the removal of these contaminants.