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The heritage rail is known to contribute more than £600 m to the UK economy and generates more than 13 million visits each year, it employs 4000 people and supports more than 22,000 volunteers (Coal. Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 12 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/resources/coal (2023); Coal decision given cautious welcome. (2023). Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 10 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/news/coal-decision-given-cautious-welcome ). The whole of Britain’s heritage railway uses up to 35,000 tonnes of coal a year (Coal. Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 12 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/resources/coal (2023); Coal decision given cautious welcome. (2023). Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 10 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/news/coal-decision-given-cautious-welcome ) contributing to GHG emissions which adversely affect the climate. Following the decarbonising initiatives of the UK government, for all sectors of the economy to meet the net zero target by 2050, alternative fuels for heritage steam locomotives become imperative to maintain its long-standing legacy and continue to boost the tourism industry. In this paper, we identified, tested, and provided a proof of concept for non-fossil coal that can power trains used in the heritage rail sector. It also investigated the use of this alternative fuel that could be beneficial for other heavy-duty sectors such as the steel and cement industry. This work seeks to understand the underpinning properties at which the formulated bio-coal would behave exactly like the conventional coal used in powering the heritage steam rail without emitting at all or as much GHG (CO, CO2, NO, HC) as the fossil coal. The formulated bio-coal samples were in varying proportions mixed in ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75% to fossil coal and 100% fossil coal and bio-coal, making a total of five sample cases. The laboratory experiment presents some promising results for this preliminary stage which is up to 40% reduction in the GHG emission for the 100% bio-coal and proportionate reductions in GHG for the other samples according to the mix of bio-coal and fossil coal. This paper provides the solution to the need to establish a long-term, reliable supply of fuel for heritage steam locomotives, quickly and by extension, other heavy-duty industries reliant on coal, therefore meeting the net zero target.

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Formulation and Testing of Commercially Viable Bio-Coal Recipe from Biomass as a Clean Fuel for the Heritage Sector

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Kadiri Abioye,
  • Olawole Kuti,
  • David Bamford

摘要

The heritage rail is known to contribute more than £600 m to the UK economy and generates more than 13 million visits each year, it employs 4000 people and supports more than 22,000 volunteers (Coal. Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 12 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/resources/coal (2023); Coal decision given cautious welcome. (2023). Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 10 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/news/coal-decision-given-cautious-welcome ). The whole of Britain’s heritage railway uses up to 35,000 tonnes of coal a year (Coal. Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 12 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/resources/coal (2023); Coal decision given cautious welcome. (2023). Hra.uk.com. Retrieved 10 July 2023, from https://www.hra.uk.com/news/coal-decision-given-cautious-welcome ) contributing to GHG emissions which adversely affect the climate. Following the decarbonising initiatives of the UK government, for all sectors of the economy to meet the net zero target by 2050, alternative fuels for heritage steam locomotives become imperative to maintain its long-standing legacy and continue to boost the tourism industry. In this paper, we identified, tested, and provided a proof of concept for non-fossil coal that can power trains used in the heritage rail sector. It also investigated the use of this alternative fuel that could be beneficial for other heavy-duty sectors such as the steel and cement industry. This work seeks to understand the underpinning properties at which the formulated bio-coal would behave exactly like the conventional coal used in powering the heritage steam rail without emitting at all or as much GHG (CO, CO2, NO, HC) as the fossil coal. The formulated bio-coal samples were in varying proportions mixed in ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75% to fossil coal and 100% fossil coal and bio-coal, making a total of five sample cases. The laboratory experiment presents some promising results for this preliminary stage which is up to 40% reduction in the GHG emission for the 100% bio-coal and proportionate reductions in GHG for the other samples according to the mix of bio-coal and fossil coal. This paper provides the solution to the need to establish a long-term, reliable supply of fuel for heritage steam locomotives, quickly and by extension, other heavy-duty industries reliant on coal, therefore meeting the net zero target.