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In the event of a break accident in a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power conversion system, critical flow occurs at the rupture due to the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2. The depressurization and critical flow characteristics need to be studied. Using three nozzles with different geometric parameters, transient critical flow experiment of high-temperature and high-pressure sCO2 were conducted. The initial pressure ranged from 18.08 to 18.48 MPa, and the initial temperature ranged from 508.6 °C to 515.3 °C. The experiment results show that the depressurization process can be divided into two stages: “rapid depressurization” and “stable depressurization” with the mass flow rate at the break gradually decreasing throughout the process. A phenomenon of “sudden drop and rise” in the upstream fluid temperature of the nozzle was observed. Comparing the calculated mass flow rate from the depressurization process calculation program with the experiment values, the results show that during the stable depressurization stage, the experiment values are in good agreement with the calculated values, and the smaller the nozzle size, the smaller the deviation between the experiment values and the calculated values. The research results can provide a reference for the study of break accident processes and safety analysis and evaluation of sCO2 power systems.

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Experimental Study on Critical Flow of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Supercritical Carbon Dioxide at Transient State

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ruohan Zheng,
  • Yanping Huang,
  • Minyun Liu,
  • Fengyuan Tian,
  • Bitan Qin,
  • Yangle Wang,
  • Haohan Yuan,
  • Jing Li,
  • Houjun Gong,
  • Wenbin Zhuo

摘要

In the event of a break accident in a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power conversion system, critical flow occurs at the rupture due to the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical CO2. The depressurization and critical flow characteristics need to be studied. Using three nozzles with different geometric parameters, transient critical flow experiment of high-temperature and high-pressure sCO2 were conducted. The initial pressure ranged from 18.08 to 18.48 MPa, and the initial temperature ranged from 508.6 °C to 515.3 °C. The experiment results show that the depressurization process can be divided into two stages: “rapid depressurization” and “stable depressurization” with the mass flow rate at the break gradually decreasing throughout the process. A phenomenon of “sudden drop and rise” in the upstream fluid temperature of the nozzle was observed. Comparing the calculated mass flow rate from the depressurization process calculation program with the experiment values, the results show that during the stable depressurization stage, the experiment values are in good agreement with the calculated values, and the smaller the nozzle size, the smaller the deviation between the experiment values and the calculated values. The research results can provide a reference for the study of break accident processes and safety analysis and evaluation of sCO2 power systems.