Demands of a green city include many goods and services, such as: (1) fresh produce, (2) reduced food miles, (3) lower overall environmental footprint of food consumed in the cities, (4) ability to return organic waste generated in the city back to the soil, (5) biodiversity of the urban fringe lands, (6) access to open spaces in the urban fringe, (7) agri-tourism and other rural experiences, and (8) recreational activities in the urban fringe. While there are many opportunities for farmers to satisfy food-related demands of green city residents, there are also challenges, as it competes with other land uses, such as open space for recreation and land required for necessary infrastructure to support the metropolis. Peri-urban agriculture can include field production of fruits and vegetables, greenhouse production, and vertical farms. Greenbelts around a metropolis, which restrict certain types of land use and/or restrict changes in zoning from agriculture to other uses, are needed to support expansion of peri-urban farming.