In general, the substrates of biotechnology can be very different depending on the sphere of production and application. However, a particular area of biotechnology implementation in environmental protection is the introduction of waste recycling. Therefore, this chapter deals with the possibilities of waste recycling in biotechnology, focusing on reducing the negative impact on the environment. Thus, the approach aims to change the attitude towards waste, not as unnecessary material accumulating in the environment and harming it. It also considers waste as a sustainable raw material and biomass, which is necessary for biological agents as a substrate for their growth.