Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental issue globally, with plastic litter being one of the most visible and pervasive forms of pollution. The accumulation of plastic waste in oceans, rivers, and landfills has adverse effects on wildlife, ecosystems, and human health. The problem of plastic litter is a result of the excessive production and consumption of single-use plastic items, inadequate waste management systems, and a lack of awareness among individuals and organizations about the consequences of plastic pollution. India, with its growing population and rapid economic development, is among the top contributors to plastic waste generation globally. The country generates an estimated 9.46 million tons of plastic waste annually, of which 40% remains uncollected, leading to widespread plastic litter. The plastic waste problem in India is exacerbated by the absence of a robust waste management infrastructure and low levels of public awareness. Plastic pollution has detrimental effects on India’s environment and economy, including damage to marine ecosystems, soil contamination, and negative impacts on agriculture and fisheries. Additionally, the public health risks of plastic pollution include air pollution from plastic incineration and contamination of drinking water sources. In response to the growing concern about plastic pollution, the Indian government has implemented various measures, including the nationwide ban on single-use plastic items and the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations. NGOs and civil society organizations have also played a critical role in creating awareness and mobilizing action on plastic pollution.