Mentoring has historically been considered through the lens of a White heterosexual male mentor advising a White heterosexual man. However, female and/or LGBTQ graduate students may experience unique challenges that are worthy of consideration. Mentors have the ability to mitigate or exacerbate the potential stress, discrimination, feelings of isolation, and constraints on expressing their authentic selves that mentees with stigmatized identities experience. In this chapter, we set the stage by explaining the importance of this issue, the extant theory that exists in this area, and the general lack of research on these topics. We then discuss six issues that we view as critically important for graduate advisors to consider with their female and/or LGBTQ mentees. For each of these six issues, we describe why each is a key topic, what the key or related research findings are, and suggested strategies for navigating each key topic. Finally, we draw conclusions and encourage future research and application in this area.