This chapter explores the rise and impact of quantitative studies in international relations, particularly in conflict research. Over the past two decades, the collection and interpretation of conflict data have gained prominence, transforming the field significantly. The chapter traces the historical development of this current, highlighting milestones such as the establishment of the Journal of Conflict Resolution (JCR) and the Journal of Peace Research (JPR) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The chapter asseses the challenges faced by these journals during the intellectual and political upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s, including the Vietnam War and the emergence of the New Left. It examines the “failure to predict” the collapse of the Soviet Union and its relevance to methodological debates within the field, with a focus on the tension between quantitative and qualitative approaches. These are understood in the context of technological advancements in computing and natural language processing, as well as the changing role of government funding and attempts to integrate conflict data into policy-making processes. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the future prospects of quantitative conflict research.