The global migration context dramatically changed since the beginning of 2020. The Covid-19 crisis caused a number of socio-economic disruptions around the world and curtailment of movement both within and between nation-states, resulting in severe immobility. Consequently, groups of entrepreneurs and commercially motivated actors who directly benefit from the mobility of migrants experienced a stalling of their businesses. This chapter investigates the experience of market actors and the impact of the pandemic on a particular location in the migrant labour supply chain- among the migration brokers based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The aim of this chapter is to study on the one hand how crisis of this magnitude was perceived and experienced by the migrant recruiters and on the other hand to conceptualize the impact of fragility of migration infrastructure on this group of actors. The research findings indicate that recruiters, as a result of the experience of the crisis and distress caused by immobility, initiated ‘alternate’ channels of mobility, leading to a number of illegal activities in the market. This, the chapter documents, has led to a disorder(ing) of their market identity and has caused ruptures in the existing market culture that depended on state legitimacy and the ‘almost legal’ channel of cross-border recruitment. While bringing attention to this particular group of entrepreneurs who facilitate and organize labour migration, the study also points to the relevance of their market-based actions on migrant wellbeing. In so doing, this chapter advances our understanding of immobility, brokerage, and transnational labour markets.

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Immobilized Markets: Perception, Experience, and Response of Migration Brokers to State-induced Immobility

  • A. S. Sandhya

摘要

The global migration context dramatically changed since the beginning of 2020. The Covid-19 crisis caused a number of socio-economic disruptions around the world and curtailment of movement both within and between nation-states, resulting in severe immobility. Consequently, groups of entrepreneurs and commercially motivated actors who directly benefit from the mobility of migrants experienced a stalling of their businesses. This chapter investigates the experience of market actors and the impact of the pandemic on a particular location in the migrant labour supply chain- among the migration brokers based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The aim of this chapter is to study on the one hand how crisis of this magnitude was perceived and experienced by the migrant recruiters and on the other hand to conceptualize the impact of fragility of migration infrastructure on this group of actors. The research findings indicate that recruiters, as a result of the experience of the crisis and distress caused by immobility, initiated ‘alternate’ channels of mobility, leading to a number of illegal activities in the market. This, the chapter documents, has led to a disorder(ing) of their market identity and has caused ruptures in the existing market culture that depended on state legitimacy and the ‘almost legal’ channel of cross-border recruitment. While bringing attention to this particular group of entrepreneurs who facilitate and organize labour migration, the study also points to the relevance of their market-based actions on migrant wellbeing. In so doing, this chapter advances our understanding of immobility, brokerage, and transnational labour markets.