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Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by most cell types. Their pivotal role in intracellular communication has led to a growing interest in their study as biomarkersBiomarkers for several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Emerging evidence now demonstrates the presence and involvement of glycoconjugates in the biogenesis, cellular recognition, and uptake of exosomes by recipient cells. Studies on the glycanGlycans composition of exosomes in different diseased conditions have been conducted, highlighting the significance of exosomal glycansGlycans as diagnostic biomarkersBiomarkers. In this chapter, we describe two efficient protocols for the isolation of intact exosomes derived from various sources including cells and biofluids such as serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, we present a comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) workflow for the glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis of exosome content.

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LC–MS/MS-Based Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analysis of Exosomes Derived from Cells and Biofluids

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mojibola Fowowe,
  • Judith Nwaiwu,
  • David M. Lubman,
  • Yehia Mechref

摘要

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by most cell types. Their pivotal role in intracellular communication has led to a growing interest in their study as biomarkersBiomarkers for several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Emerging evidence now demonstrates the presence and involvement of glycoconjugates in the biogenesis, cellular recognition, and uptake of exosomes by recipient cells. Studies on the glycanGlycans composition of exosomes in different diseased conditions have been conducted, highlighting the significance of exosomal glycansGlycans as diagnostic biomarkersBiomarkers. In this chapter, we describe two efficient protocols for the isolation of intact exosomes derived from various sources including cells and biofluids such as serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, we present a comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) workflow for the glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis of exosome content.