This chapter analyzes the institutional challenges and complex dynamics surrounding maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea, focusing on the rivalries between various stakeholders in the chain. It underscores the central role of coastal states in combating maritime insecurity while identifying the inherent challenges in coordinating efforts and the tensions among maritime security forces operating in the region. Despite the progress made by coastal states in strengthening their maritime capabilities, persistent issues such as inter-administrative coordination continue to hinder the complete security of the maritime territory. The research critically examines regional initiatives implemented to address insecurity, notably the Yaoundé Process, highlighting the challenges related to interregional cooperation and institutional rivalries that ensue. It also analyzes the role of international actors in shaping the regional security landscape and the implications of their actions on regional dynamics. Lastly, the research provides recommendations to enhance regional and international cooperation, improve institutional coordination, and promote maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea, ultimately aiming to ensure the stability and prosperity of the region.