A significant number of countries in West Africa, particularly the Gulf of Guinea, are adversely affected by acts of piracy, armed attacks, and related crimes on shipping. The international legal framework governing piracy and other maritime offenses is the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA). In 2013, ECOWAS and ECCAS adopted the Yaoundé Code of Conduct, a non-binding document, to provide a framework to facilitate cooperation at the regional level to prevent and prosecute piracy and associated activities. ECOWAS adopted the Supplementary Act on the Conditions of Transfer of Persons Suspected of Having Committed Acts of Piracy and Their Associated Property and/or Evidence in 2022 to further regional cooperation. In 2009, ECCAS adopted the Protocol on the Strategy for Securing the Vital Maritime Interests of the Member States of ECCAS in the Gulf of Guinea. However, as evidenced by UNSC Res. 2634 (2022), much remains to be done. This chapter aims to set out, explain, and analyze the principal legal and soft-law instruments governing piracy and related crimes in the Gulf of Guinea.