This introductory chapter examines how the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War impacted urban transformation and the lives of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians. It explores changes in social practices, transnational links and daily life during wartime, focusing on key events in Stepanakert and Shushi. The chapter addresses heritage preservation amid cultural cleansing and discusses themes of identity, belonging, forced displacement and war. Methodological details and fieldwork specifics are also covered.