In this chapter, we seek to explain the theoretical foundations of Canadian populism. Is it the result of American influence, or the emergence of a new type of populism? Is there a uniquely Canadian definition of populism? This chapter clarifies the different approaches to populism. It also offers a review of the main recent studies on populism in Canada, particularly those focusing on Canadians’ populist attitudes and the potential for growth of a populist party among the electorate. We also analyze data from the World Value Survey on trust in the electoral process, the media, and left-right polarization. At first glance, given the country’s diversity, achieving nationwide success with a populist platform appears to be a real challenge. However, there are votes to be won on the left. This is exactly what Pierre Poilievre has attempted to do.