This chapter focuses on the Vietnamese in 1990s Czechia after the demise of socialism. It discusses how the political, economic, and social transformation affected the everyday life of the Vietnamese in Czechia. On the one hand, a sudden rise of racism within Czech society and the gradual termination of Vietnamese workers’ work contracts were challenging for them. On the other hand, the conditions of the transition economy, in combination with the comparative openness of borders and a rather lenient Czech migration policy, created an opportune environment for the development of Vietnamese entrepreneurship and the formation of the Vietnamese diaspora and its transnational links within Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Utilizing the human, social, and financial capital accumulated through illicit trade conducted under the socialist centrally planned economy, the Vietnamese turned to selling goods in open-air markets. They capitalized on the local population’s high demand for affordable consumer goods, along with favorable price differences at the Czech-German and Czech-Austrian borders. We argue that while the demise of socialism presented a major upheaval in the lives of Vietnamese workers, the specific conditions of the Czech transition era enabled some to fully develop their business activities, which were embedded in transnational trade networks, and laid the foundations of the Czech Vietnamese diaspora.