After World War II, a form of socialist, state-sponsored migration emerged, which Schwenkel (Rethinking Asian Mobilities. Socialist Migration and Post-Socialist Repatriation of Vietnamese Contract Workers in East Germany. Critical Asian Studies, 46(2), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2014.898453, 2014) describes as “socialist mobility” and Hüwelmeier (Socialist Cosmopolitans in Postsocialist Europe: Transnational Ties among Vietnamese in the Cold War Period and Thereafter. Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 12(1), 130–158. https://doi.org/10.1525/jvs.2017.12.1.126, 2017) calls “socialist pathways of migration.” Within the framework of these mobilities, between two and three hundred thousand Northern Vietnamese arrived in the Soviet Union and its satellite states (namely Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Poland, and Bulgaria) between the 1950s and 1989 for the purpose of work and professional development. This chapter introduces readers to the emergence, development, and transformation of these vocational training and further qualification programs. Based on a literature review, the chapter discusses the influence of geopolitical circumstances and their impacts on the conditions and objectives of these programs and examines shifts in the nature, scope, and profile of Vietnamese participants in socialist mobility. Special attention is paid to the changing roles of Vietnamese “visitors” and the expectations that the sending and host states had of them. Finally, the chapter reflects on the impact these programs had on the development of entrepreneurial activities in both home and host countries and transnationally.