This chapter provides a comprehensive historical overview of the development of relations between Vietnam and the Central and Eastern European (CEE) states of the Eastern Bloc. These political and economic relationships initiated labor exchange programs, leading to the arrival of thousands of Vietnamese individuals in CEE to enhance their skills. The chapter delves into how these relationships were established, the preceding factors, and the elements that strengthened them. The aim is to offer readers a broad perspective on Vietnamese immigration to CEE, examining the historical, economic, and, primarily, political context of the mutual relations formed under Soviet influence post–World War II. It also explores the mutual technical assistance programs that facilitated the migration of Vietnamese workers and students to Europe. The chapter highlights how socialist commitments, socialist internationalism, and Cold War geopolitical discourse ironically set the stage for the development of vibrant black market and quasi-business activities among Vietnamese linked to CEE, both in Vietnam and transnationally, before the Soviet-backed regimes in Europe collapsed.