There is a growing body of evidence for the importance of self-compassion in relation to body image. This is shown in naturalistic studies in which self-compassion moderates or mediates variables of interest (e.g. psychological risk factors, body shame, and eating pathology). Self-compassionate approaches to treatment have also been shown to be effective. This evidence is reviewed, particularly in relation to eating disorders and disordered eating. Developments in self-compassion research directed specifically at body image have led to the notion of body compassion, including research into disordered eating as well as disability and health behaviours such as physical activity. The development of measures of body compassion is described, as well as recent research using these measures. The chapter concludes by identifying a number of questions arising from this review which may guide future research.