This introductory chapter to the Handbook outlines the growing interest and need for positive psychological approaches to promoting, maintaining, and managing health. In doing so it addresses the question of why taking a positive psychological approach to health-related issues and outcomes is important, needed, and timely. After introducing key conceptual and historical perspectives on Health Psychology and Positive Psychology, the chapter highlights the growth of research focused on strengths-based approach to physical health and summarised the key benefits of this approach. The chapter concludes with a brief overview and rationale for the organisation of the Handbook.