The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems presents a significant threat to environmental and public health. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the latest advancements in ARG detection and explores emerging technologies and methodologies for enhanced monitoring. The focus is on innovations in molecular, bioinformatic, and environmental techniques. While traditional methods such as culture-based assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remain fundamental, they are now complemented by high-throughput sequencing technologies, metagenomics, and whole-genome sequencing. Bioinformatics has revolutionized ARG analysis, but challenges remain in data standardization and interpretation. Additionally, the paper discusses state-of-the-art environmental monitoring approaches, including biosensors, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing. This review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and standardized methodologies to effectively manage ARGs in aquatic environments.