In Sects. 7.1 and 7.2, the traditional types of variational convergence, epi-convergence for functions and epi/hypo- and lopsided convergence for bifunctions, and their variants, inside, weak, and weak inside types, are examined in detail, with a focus on characterizations and variational properties together with relationships between the convergence types, especially with those related to their suitability for the study of variational properties. Applications of the obtained results to approximations of equilibrium and strong equilibrium problems are considered in Sect. 7.3, including discussions of the two kinds of approximate solutions and also their convergence for pairs of dual problems. The subsequent five sections are devoted to important special cases: multiobjective optimization, approximations of optimization problems in terms of optimality functions, Nash equilibria, Walras economic equilibria, and consistency of statistical estimators of solutions of stochastic optimization models. In each section, convergence results for optimal values and solutions/approximate solutions in terms of appropriate types of variational convergence are discussed.