As Natural Language Processing (NLP) becomes deeply integrated into critical decision-making areas, responsible and ethical AI principles are paramount. This chapter explores the foundational principles of responsible AI—transparency, fairness, inclusivity, and accountability—and their application in NLP. It addresses key ethical challenges in fields like healthcare, finance, and law, where NLP’s role can significantly impact individual and societal outcomes. The chapter examines practical techniques for bias mitigation, privacy protection, and explainability, offering solutions to improve ethical NLP development. By analyzing collaborative frameworks, sector-specific requirements, and emerging trends, this chapter highlights pathways to ensure that NLP systems serve all users equitably and adapt to evolving societal values.