Wind energy is a cornerstone of Europe’s renewable energy transition, with installed capacity significantly increased over the past two decades and many turbines now aging and nearing the end of their operational life. While most of a wind turbine is considered recyclable, composite materials used in blades remain an issue, due to their complex characteristics and durability, making recycling challenging. Innovative recycling methods are being developed to improve the recovery of both reinforcing fibres and resins. Mechanical recycling, already at the industrial scale (TRL 9), is prevalent but yields lower-quality materials with limited secondary applications. Thermal methods, such as pyrolysis and fluidized bed combustion, provide higher recovery rates but are energy intensive. Chemical recycling, particularly solvolysis, are promising but are still at the laboratory scale and expensive, making only carbon fibre recovery an economically viable application. Cement co-processing is identified as a valid short-term solution, integrating blade materials into cement production and reducing the demand for raw materials and fuels. Exploring the European legislative landscape, a lack of unified regulations for composite waste is revealed. Industry advocates for specific waste codes, landfill bans, and harmonized guidelines to enhance recycling efforts.

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Wind Turbine Blades

  • Gaia Brussa

摘要

Wind energy is a cornerstone of Europe’s renewable energy transition, with installed capacity significantly increased over the past two decades and many turbines now aging and nearing the end of their operational life. While most of a wind turbine is considered recyclable, composite materials used in blades remain an issue, due to their complex characteristics and durability, making recycling challenging. Innovative recycling methods are being developed to improve the recovery of both reinforcing fibres and resins. Mechanical recycling, already at the industrial scale (TRL 9), is prevalent but yields lower-quality materials with limited secondary applications. Thermal methods, such as pyrolysis and fluidized bed combustion, provide higher recovery rates but are energy intensive. Chemical recycling, particularly solvolysis, are promising but are still at the laboratory scale and expensive, making only carbon fibre recovery an economically viable application. Cement co-processing is identified as a valid short-term solution, integrating blade materials into cement production and reducing the demand for raw materials and fuels. Exploring the European legislative landscape, a lack of unified regulations for composite waste is revealed. Industry advocates for specific waste codes, landfill bans, and harmonized guidelines to enhance recycling efforts.