This introductory chapter lays out the historical trajectory, theoretical underpinnings, and operational strategies of CBID, starting off with the transition from CBR to CBID to reflect a broader shift in the understanding of disability and how this shift has influenced the design and implementation of development initiatives. The fluid theoretical foundations of CBID are explored in depth, particularly the intersection of the social model of disability, human rights-based approaches, and community development principles. These frameworks provide a theoretical basis for understanding the ways in which CBID challenges traditional development paradigms, advocating for a model of development that is inclusive, participatory, and equitable. The chapter explains the operational strategies of CBID, analyzing how these approaches are implemented in practice, exploring the various mechanisms employed in CBID programs to remove barriers to inclusion, such as accessibility initiatives, awareness-raising campaigns, capacity building programs, and advocacy for policy reform. It then rounds off with a critical reading of CBID, to address the challenges faced by CBID at the level of discourse and practice in these times of global crises and uncertainty.