The hippocampus is a structure located within the medial temporal lobe. The hippocampus is a part of the brain responsible for memory formation and spatial learning. It is located in the medial temporal lobe and is shaped like a seahorse, which is how it got its name (“hippocampus” is Greek for “seahorse”). This structure is important for transforming short-term memories into long-term memories and has a role in learning and emotional regulation. The hippocampus plays a big role in memory and spatial learning. Damage to the hippocampus can result in severe memory impairment, as observed in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of amnesia. Hydrocephalus is a neurological problem caused by an impairment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption or flow. It is a neurological disorder denoted by dilation of cerebral ventricles because of the impairment of cerebrospinal fluid flow or absorption. The accumulation of CSF in the brain’s ventricles can lead to increased pressure within the skull. This elevated pressure can cause various changes in the brain, including the hippocampus, a region crucial for memory and learning. In this chapter, we are going to discuss the hippocampal changes seen in hydrocephalus.