Life on earth depends on water because it is a necessity for life. Several aspects of our life rely on water a lack thereof—and it could be said that the use of water is the foundation upon which our entire civilization has been built. The contamination of water is a big issue that affects the entire world. All across the world, it impacts water used for drinking and different water bodies. As a result, it damages both the environment as a whole and the health and wellbeing of human beings. This chapter looked at how different water resources are used and affected during the different civilizations and how water polltants has affected the quality of water and public health over time. The problem that mankind currently faces is how to obtain drinkable water for people and livestock, in addition to how to handle the wastages we generate. This problem was first brought about by agriculture and the expansion of human habitation.