Microplastic (MP) pollution in Groundwater (GW) has emerged as a critical environmental concern worldwide, posing risks to both the ecosystems and human health. This issue stems from the widespread use and inappropriate disposal of plastics, which eventually break down into tiny particles, typically smaller than 5 mm, that infiltrate GW systems. Studies have revealed the presence of MPs in GW aquifers around the globe, including regions previously thought to be pristine, highlighting the global dimensions of this detrimental issue. Sources include landfills, wastewater effluent discharge, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition that infiltrate into aquifers generally through the percolation process and eventually travel great distances and reach to aquifers. Their small size and buoyancy allow them to migrate through porous subsurface materials. These particles can potentially cause adverse effects on ecosystems and human health, leading to bioaccumulation and disruptions in food chains. In GW can contaminate the source of drinking water, and there are concerns about their potential to carry harmful chemicals, pathogens, and toxins which can further cause health issues. Understanding the movement and fate of MPs in aquifers is essential for effective management and remediation. To determine the degree of exposure to human beings and any potential health impacts, further studies are required. MP contamination poses multifaceted risks to human health. MPs infiltrate the water leading to potential ingestion. These particles induce inflammation, damage organs and tissues, disrupt the gut microbiome, affect digestion and immunity, and have links to long-term health risks, including cancer and reproductive issues, while ongoing research further elucidates these health effects. Robust monitoring, risk assessment, and regulatory measures are essential to mitigate the risks associated with MP contamination of GW. Persistent research and monitoring are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of MP contamination in aquifers and its long-term impacts. Existing regulations often overlook MP contamination in GW, emphasizing the need for more stringent guidelines and monitoring programs. Developing effective strategies for mitigating MP pollution in GW includes source reduction, improved waste management, and advanced water treatment technologies. MP pollution in GW aquifers is a complex global issue with wide-ranging consequences and potential implications for human health. Addressing this problem demands a concerted effort from governments, industries, and the scientific community to minimize its environmental and human health risks. It underscores the urgency of addressing plastic pollution and adopting sustainable waste management practices to safeguard GW quality and human well-being.