Visible obscuration compositions are extensively used on military training exercise and battlefield due to the effectiveness in signaling, marking and shielding. However, the toxic and incendiary of the commonly used smoke shows limited sustainability, which gives a great threat to human health, ecological environment and air pollution control. And much sustainable and environmental-friendly alternatives with desired level of obscuration performance and stability have not been generally provided. Herein, a new type of sustainable water-based aerosol with meliorated particle size and distribution is achieved based on micro-emulsion agent composition which delivers outstanding stability. Trace amount (0.96 vol.%) of amyl propionate additive with low molecular mass is added in the mixture of water and polyol, which forms an ester-water-polyol micro-emulsion agent under the solubilizing of surfactant. The average aerosol particle size is effectively reduced to 0.66 μm due to the ultra-low interfacial tension and outstanding thermodynamic stability of the micro-emulsion agent. The sedimentation velocity of aerosol droplets is significantly reduced to 0.0133 cm·s−1 which is approximately 50% of the blank aerosol. And the stabilization time of the water-based aerosol based on micro-emulsion agent is extended to 115 min due to the meliorated coagulation and settling process. The strategy paves the way for exploiting new green sustainable obscurant alternatives with unique stability and obscuration performance, and gives a promising future of the atmosphere protection.