In this study, the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) technique was applied to cement aeolian sands. The wave velocities in the solidified samples were tested using a bender element to evaluate the effects of different cementation solution concentrations, grain size distributions, and grouting batches on the solidification of aeolian sands. The results show that after MICP solidification, the P-wave speed ranges from approximately 450–600 m/s and the S-wave speed ranges from 350–500 m/s, which is significantly higher than the wave speed of 200 m/s in loose aeolian sand. Optimal solidification of aeolian sand was achieved at a cementation solution concentration of 0.75 M. Additionally, better cementation was observed in samples with a uniform particle size distribution, while excessively large or small particles hindered solidification. The number of grouting batches had minimal effect on the solidification of desert sands.