Taking the riparian buffer zone of Yangqu Hydropower Station as the research object, this study comprehensively used RS, GIS technology and multi-source data to analyze the ecological sensitivity and disaster risk of the research object from the perspective of ecological security, and established four riparian buffer zones of 50, 200, 500 and 1 500 m, which were established, and the ecological security level of the riparian buffer zone in the reservoir area was classified and functionalized. The results show that the riparian buffer zone in the reservoir area has significant spatial distribution characteristics, the extremely high ecological sensitive area and the high ecological sensitive area are larger, and the high disaster and medium disaster risk areas occupy the main area of the study area, and the ecosystem in these areas is facing great pressure and threat. Targeted ecological management and protection strategies are proposed, such as strengthening ecological restoration projects, improving vegetation coverage and optimizing land use. At the same time, the functions of the riparian buffer zone in the reservoir area are divided, including key ecological function areas, main agricultural product producing areas and urbanized areas.