The research aims to identify prospects for strengthening the resilience of transport and logistics in support of the ESG agenda through the development of the institution of social partnership in the regional economy of Russia. Based on the experience of the Southern and North Caucasus Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in 2023, the authors developed an econometric model to determine the relationship between the E, S, and G outcomes of sustainable transport and logistics development in Russian regions and the effectiveness of key activities of the institution of social partnership. The model revealed patterns in achieving the ESG agenda in the transport and logistics market as the institution of social partnership evolves, underscoring its theoretical significance. The primary conclusion drawn by the authors is that such activities of the institution of social partnership as ensuring employment for male workers and expanding employment opportunities in rural areas contribute to the achievement of the ESG agenda in the transport and logistics market of Russia’s regions. Based on the constructed model, the authors determined a prospect for maximizing the implementation of the ESG agenda in Russian regional economies by enhancing the resilience of transport and logistics (in terms of the E, S, and G components) by optimizing the development of the institution of social partnership. The practical significance of this prospect lies in its potential to improve the efficiency of managing sustainable transport and logistics development in the regions of the Southern and North Caucasus Federal Districts of the Russian Federation.