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This chapter provides a historical overview of the development of the United States criminal justice system to contextualize the current laws and policies. The earlier eras covered include the colonial period, the revolutionary period and the development of the Constitution, industrialization, and the reform period after the Great Depression. Recent periods covered include the crime control era in the 1970s–1990s and the contemporary period of the twenty-first century. Also covered are various social movements and policies that led to changes in the justice system, including the civil rights movement, crime control efforts, the “war on drugs,” and the collateral consequences of such policies, including mass incarceration. The chapter concludes with the present-day community reentry policies and the importance of “what works” evidence-based practices.

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History of the Criminal Justice System—From Colonial Roots to Modern Reforms

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Melanie Clark Mogavero

摘要

This chapter provides a historical overview of the development of the United States criminal justice system to contextualize the current laws and policies. The earlier eras covered include the colonial period, the revolutionary period and the development of the Constitution, industrialization, and the reform period after the Great Depression. Recent periods covered include the crime control era in the 1970s–1990s and the contemporary period of the twenty-first century. Also covered are various social movements and policies that led to changes in the justice system, including the civil rights movement, crime control efforts, the “war on drugs,” and the collateral consequences of such policies, including mass incarceration. The chapter concludes with the present-day community reentry policies and the importance of “what works” evidence-based practices.