This chapter covers the community-based corrections of probation, specialized probation, and two specialty court programs: drug and mental health courts. Probation has long been considered essential to rehabilitation, as it allows access to treatment in one’s community. Specialty courts address the unique needs of those with substance use disorders and mental illnesses and divert them to the mental health system and other community interventions. Such programming allows access to treatment under more intensive and specialized interventions to prevent further or repeated involvement in the criminal justice system. Topics covered include the programs’ development, goals, evidence-based practices, advantages over other programs, and overall effectiveness. The chapter concludes with considerations and recommendations from experts in the field for the best treatment outcomes for clients.