Among patients with cancer, emotional distress is frequent during the diagnosis and treatment processes, and psychiatric disorders are prevalent. Adjustment disorders and depression are the leading psychiatric diagnoses observed in patients with cancer. Additionally, psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders may also be observed, and delirium must be managed effectively. Ensuring psychosocial wellbeing, recognizing, and effectively treating psychiatric disorders in cancer are crucial for improving general wellbeing and quality of life. Psychotherapeutic interventions and pharmacological treatments are available for this purpose. The use of psychotropic drugs in patients with cancer should be carefully considered in the context of coexisting medical diseases and drug interactions. A holistic perspective along with a multidisciplinary approach, including psychiatric and psychosocial interventions, is clearly most beneficial for patients with cancer.