Assessing psychosocial needs and identifying effective treatment and intervention approaches for children diagnosed with cancer are crucial for better management of the process. Psychosocial assessment and support help identify potential challenges, strengths, and resources within families and broader systems. Understanding the effects of the cancer process in children in the context of family systems and other relevant settings supports the understanding and management of multiple risk factors that influence children’s experiences of cancer and well-being. Psychosocial risks faced by children and families include anxiety, depression, adjustment problems, posttraumatic stress symptoms, financial difficulties, family conflict, and social isolation. However, the literature also recognizes the existence of resilience factors such as coping skills, social support, and general well-being that mitigate the negative effects of illness and treatment. This part of the book will discuss psychosocial assessment and approaches for children diagnosed with cancer in detail, focusing on the risk factors and management of the process.