Artificial intelligence has emerged as a game changer in health care, enabling advances in diagnostics, precision medicine, and operational efficiency. However, successful integration requires a deep knowledge of governance systems, multidisciplinary teamwork, and ethical issues. This chapter conducts a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, synthesizing insights from 53 peer-reviewed articles across diverse healthcare contexts. The study emphasizes AI’s dual role in clinical applications for physicians and governance decisions for managers, examining its potential to optimize resource allocation, uphold quality and safety standards, and facilitate ethical oversight and stakeholder engagement. Key results highlight governance as a multidimensional concept supported by AI-driven tools that offer predictive insights, real-time decision-making capabilities, and operational adaptability. Practical insights extend beyond clinical use, emphasizing the need for robust governance frameworks that support organizational decision-making, targeted infrastructure investments, interdisciplinary training, and stakeholder-inclusive design processes.