The global population of those aged 65 and over is increasing drastically, and by 2050 this number is expected to exceed 1.5 billion. This “longevity revolution”, driven by public health advances, medical science, and social development, presents challenges and opportunities for societies worldwide. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss a selection of such challenges and opportunities, bearing in mind the importance of improving older adults’ social inclusion through intergenerational cooperation. Rooted in the frameworks of active and healthy ageing and their connection to advanced longevity, it explores how the unprecedented rise in life expectancy drives current demographic shifts, focusing on the impact of ageing on health and disability. The chapter underscores the principle of “leaving no one behind” while addressing specific challenges and vulnerabilities faced by distinct subgroups within the older population, such as the oldest old, older women, and older informal caregivers. It ends outlining key efforts needed to create an inclusive society for all and examining key connections between ageing and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.