Light-emitting materials encompass organic fluorescent compounds, semiconductor nanocrystals like quantum dots (QDs), perovskite-based light emitting diodes, etc. These rapid, accurate, and easy-to-access materials reshape point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. With their astonishing optical qualities, they improve the sensitivity and specificity of devices that monitor glucose levels, detect pathogens, and are used as wearable health systems. Glucose-detecting Fluorescence-based microneedles and immunoarray chips for insulin and glycated hemoglobin testing are some of the mentioned devices, demonstrating precision and clinical relevance. Water-based nanoparticle production and biodegradable polymer integration are some of the mentioned eco-friendly methods through which sustainability could be achieved. Here it has been shown that QD-modified biosensors, self-healing electroluminescent devices, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced imaging systems potentially improve diagnostic performance. It has been anticipated that continuous health monitoring can be performed with wearable systems equipped with light-emitting sensors. As a result, early disease detection and individualized care can be obtained. Integrated photonic systems use plasmonic photothermal processes. DNA can be rapidly amplified with plasmonic photothermal polymerase chain reaction. AI-driven frameworks increase signal interpretation. It also boosts self-diagnostic capabilities. Future research should focus on multiplexed sensing. Biodegradability should be improved, and AI should be utilized for predictive healthcare. These potentials will be able to close technological gaps. Diagnostic accessibility should be increased in resource-constrained countries. Light-emitting materials are merging material science, nanotechnology, and healthcare systems and breaking through global healthcare solutions.