Criteria for Recognizing Units of Evolution
摘要
According to the H-Evo-Devo Theory, homologues, higher taxa, species, and subspecies are units of evolution. To support this perspective, this chapter employs a metaphysical argument for their identification. Initially, it explores the philosophical debate on whether species should be categorized as natural kinds or individuals. In this regard, it upholds the traditional principle of natural kinds, arguing that the essentialism story is misleading and that the fundamental attributes of natural kinds can be sustained within the theoretical framework of the H-Evo-Devo Theory. However, it supports the idea that natural kinds and individuals are not opposing categories but rather metaphysically compatible. This assertion is based on the premise that developmental constraints act as the causal mechanism that simultaneously configures both categories. Finally, it develops metaphysical criteria concerning the individuality thesis, which not only serves to distinguish the evolving entities spatiotemporally but also to identify specific evolutionary patterns and modes within these units.