Many scientific articles concerning the analysis of organic colourants in cultural heritage objects state that this is a challenging task, and this is correct for several reasons. In particular, there is a wide range of organic colourants that often occur in mixtures. Dyes are mixed to obtain a certain shade or hue, but even when a single dye is applied, side products can be present and characterisation of these is sometimes useful to identify the origin of the colourant. In addition, many organic colourants are not stable and degrade, especially under the influence of (UV) light. The amount of dye required to colour a textile is low, often between 1 and 2%, which might affect the possibilities for detection and identification of the material present. This chapter will describe the techniques which can be used to analyse dyed textiles. The concept of each technique is briefly explained, and its possibilities and limitations are outlined. The chapter is intended to provide an overview to conservators and art historians so that they can think about questions to ask and discuss with the scientists who will execute most of the analysis.