This article aims to recall the main debates relating to the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, while trying to understand the character of this relationship by analyzing the causality between these two variables in the Moroccan context. The nagging question is whether energy consumption drives economic growth or does economic growth lead to energy consumption? To achieve this, we relied on the cointegration method and Engle-Granger estimation. Applied to data from Morocco, the results reveal that primary energy consumption depends positively on the value of GDP lagged by two periods: the 1% increase in economic growth in period t-2 will positively impact the total consumption of primary energy of 0.309% in period t, which confirms that, in the case of Morocco, economic growth is the cause of primary energy consumption and not the reverse.