Having laid out her argument for the importance of an Indigenous African-centered approach to healing in previous chapters, Berry addresses the question of congruence and incongruence in care. Congruent care, Berry argues, requires the integration of belief and practice, but Western approaches to mental health care typically require a degree of incongruence due to their history of universalist and colonialist practice. In a series of case studies taken from her research on traditional healers in Zambia, Berry makes the case that traditional healing as practiced in communities both in Africa and around the world is able to meet the needs of people due to its congruence. Unlike Western approaches to care, which presuppose that counseling should be private and non-directive, traditional healing acknowledges that healer and client exist in complex webs of interconnection, and that the healer has a responsibility to the well-being of the community as a whole.